Abstract
BackgroundRenal failure is among the main complications of diabetes disorders and free radical from hyperglycemia is the major cause of this nephrotic complication. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Bridelia ferruginea Benth on nephrotic damage in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of 50 mg/kg b. w. of STZ (intraperitoneal) in rats fasted overnight. Effect on nephropathy was assessed using biochemical, histological indices and gene expression of kidney tissue.ResultsThe total flavonoids and phenolic content of petroleum ether fraction of B. ferruginea (PEFBF) was observed to be higher compared to diethyl ether fraction of B. ferruginea (DEFBF). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity of the fractions were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced across the concentrations compared to the standard (gallic acid). The STZ-induced diabetic animals treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. of PEFBF and DEFBF showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in blood glucose level on days 7, 11 and 14 compared to untreated diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) exhibited increase plasma urea, creatinine, protein and albumin level while treatment with both fractions of B. ferruginea reduced the level of these parameters in treated diabetic rats. B. ferruginea also caused down-regulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1 and cystatin c genes.ConclusionThese results revealed that, the plant has hypoglycemic activity therefore provides a pharmacological basis for its folkloric use in the management of hyperglycemia and its associated renal dysfunction.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the endocrinemetabolic disorders leading to morbidity and mortality due to its diverse complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease [1]
STZ was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA).Urea, creatinine, protein and albumin assay kits were obtained from Randox laboratory (UK); TRIzol reagent for RNA isolation was supplied by Zymo research(USA); prime script RT reagent kits were obtained from Biolabs, UK while primers were purchased from InqabaBiotec (Hatfeild, SA)
Further studies to isolate the anti-diabetes compound(s) suggested to be phenolic or flavonoid compounds is necessary for the purpose of drug development. This present study established that, STZ-treated rats caused renal damage in rats, which was attenuated by treatment with petroleum and diethyl ether fractions of B. ferruginea at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the endocrinemetabolic disorders leading to morbidity and mortality due to its diverse complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease [1]. One of the macro vascular complications of diabetes is nephropathy which is the malfunctioning of the renal system as a result of hyperglycemia. It is the major common cause of end-stage kidney dysfunction and major indication for kidney dialysis and transplantation [2]. Renal failure is among the main complications of diabetes disorders and free radical from hyperglycemia is the major cause of this nephrotic complication. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Bridelia ferruginea Benth on nephrotic damage in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Effect on nephropathy was assessed using biochemical, histological indices and gene expression of kidney tissue
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