Abstract
The problem of definitively identifying the merchants of sub-Saharan West Africa who are collectively known as has engaged the interest of scholars from the times of the Arab chroniclers to modern historians like Nehemia Levtzion, Ivor Wilks, and Paul Lovejoy. The Wangara have long been identified with the early Muslim commercial networks of Ghana, Mali and their neighbors, and also came to signify corporate groupe controlling the external trace farther east in Song...
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