Abstract
The brewing sector is a significant part of the global food industry. Breweries produce large quantities of wastes, including wastewater and brewer’s spent grains. Currently, upcycling of food industry by-products is one of the principles of the circular economy. The aim of this review is to present possible ways to utilize common solid by-product from the brewing sector. Brewer’s spent grains (BSG) is a good material for sorption and processing into activated carbon. Another way to utilize spent grains is to use them as a fuel in raw form, after hydrothermal carbonization or as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The mentioned by-products may also be utilized in animal and human nutrition. Moreover, BSG is a waste rich in various substances that may be extracted for further utilization. It is likely that, in upcoming years, brewer’s spent grains will not be considered as a by-product, but as a desirable raw material for various branches of industry.
Highlights
Barley and wheat were domesticated during the Neolithic Revolution, about 10,000 BC, which changed human behaviour from hunting and gathering into agriculture [1,2,3]
Research shows that brewer’s spent grains (BSG) is a very promising material to produce activated carbon in a thermal activation way [3]
Vitanza et al reported that the conversion of organic matter in BSG using anaerobic digestion reached 81% [52]
Summary
Barley and wheat were domesticated during the Neolithic Revolution, about 10,000 BC, which changed human behaviour from hunting and gathering into agriculture [1,2,3]. There are four main ingredients for beer production; water, malt, yeasts, and hops. Beer production starts with the grinding of malt grains and unmalted materials (if used). Such raw material is mixed with water and heated up to the temperatures optimal for enzyme activity. This phase is named mashing, and its purpose is to extract sugars from grains. Rela1t9i.4v0e±ly0.3h4 igh21.n73i±tr1o.3g6en c1o9.n27te±n1.t18in a4d.18ry± 0m.03ass24[.4690±–14.034] betNw.De.en 2 aNn.Dd. 5 percNe.Dn.t. K(demifpfpeari-ennentettyalp., (e2s01o6)f[2m6] alts co19u.6ld have differe4n5t* nitrogen conte4n.1t in a dr2y0.3mass) hNa.Dv.e a poNsi.Dti.ve impN.aDc. t for Yaudest oalr.,p(2t0i2o0)n[2p7]ropertiesNi.nD. Non-activated carbon materials from brewer’s spent grain could be used in adsorption processes too. It could be transformed into a magnetic form by a treatment, using perchloric acid
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