Brewed Robusta Coffee Increases Nickel Ion Release from Dental Alloys: An In Vitro Study.

Dessy Rachmawati,Lusi Hidayati,Ardin Tito Febiantama,Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan,Devanti Ayu Cahyasari

doi:10.3390/ma14227069

Dessy Rachmawati, Lusi Hidayati + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14227069

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Abstract

Alloys in oral cavity always interact with dynamic oral environment, such as pH, temperature, salivary conditions, and dietary habits. Coffee can further decrease pH in the oral cavity. Thus, coffee may increase the release of metal ions that may lead to various health diseases. This study aimed to quantitively investigate the effect of brewed Robusta coffee on the nickel ion release and their morphological structures; Methods: 20 alloy specimens were divided into 4 groups and placed in solutions for 48 and 168 h: (1) distilled water, (2) artificial saliva, (3) Robusta coffee, and (4) mixture of artificial saliva and Robusta coffee. AAS, XRF, and SEM were used for examinations; Results: The release of Ni2+ was found in all groups and robust release were found in the coffee only and mixture of coffee + artificial saliva solution after 168 h. Likewise, SEM showed that internal oxidation was high after 168 h of immersion; Conclusions: The concentration of nickel increased in saliva of low pH due to brewed coffee. Though the release of these ions is still within the tolerable amount in human body, it should be realized that it usually lasts for months or years. Dentists should be cautious when using instructions for patients with a history of allergies especially for dietary with low acidity.

Highlights

Metals are still often used for various purposes in dentistry since up to now distinct metals are still irreplaceable by other materials
Immunotoxicity of dental alloy is largely due to the release of Ni2+ ions, which can cause several local symptoms such as oral lichen(oid) lessions/oral lichen planus (OLL/OLP) to autoimmune disease (AID) and neurotoxicity [6]
To quantitatively explore the effect of Robusta coffee brews on the Ni2+ ion release and their morphological structures, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) was conducted to calculate the original composition of metal ion in gram per amount

Summary

Introduction

Metals are still often used for various purposes in dentistry since up to now distinct metals are still irreplaceable by other materials. Metal is never used in a singular form but always mixed with at least two different types of metals called alloys [1]. Nickel is still used in the dental field for a variety of reasons such as corrosion resistance and low costs [3]. Even low doses of nickel (about 6–200 μM) can cause skin inflammation [5]. Exposure to metal ions in the oral cavity can cause adverse reactions, such as inflammatory effects, allergic reactions, and mutagenic effects, depending on the concentration of metal ions released. Immunotoxicity of dental alloy is largely due to the release of Ni2+ ions, which can cause several local symptoms such as oral lichen(oid) lessions/oral lichen planus (OLL/OLP) to autoimmune disease (AID) and neurotoxicity [6]

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