Abstract
In industrial animal production, breeding strategies are essential to produce offspring of better quality and vitality. It is also known that host microbiome has a bearing on its health. Here, we report for the first time the influence of crossbreeding strategy, inbreeding or outbreeding, on the buccal and intestinal bacterial communities in female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Crossbreeding was performed within a family and between different fish families to obtain the inbred and outbred study groups, respectively. The genetic relationship and structure analysis revealed significant genetic differentiation between the inbred and outbred groups. We also employed a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique to understand the significant differences between the diversities of the bacterial communities of the inbred and outbred groups. The core microbiota composition in the mouth and the intestine was not affected by the crossbreeding strategy but their abundance varied between the two groups. Furthermore, opportunistic bacteria were abundant in the buccal cavity and intestine of the outbred group, whereas beneficial bacteria were abundant in the intestine of the inbred group. The present study indicates that crossbreeding can influence the abundance of beneficial bacteria, core microbiome and the inter-individual variation in the microbiome.
Highlights
Animals are bred for food, fibers, transport, protection, company as well as for other purposes such as scientific research (Flint and Woolliams, 2008)
The genetic diversity analysis based on nucleotide sequences revealed that the observed heterozygosity (Ho) values were slightly higher compared to the expected heterozygosity values (He; Table 1)
The genetic structure of wild/domestic/experimental animals can be altered through breeding to retain desired phenotypic and genotypic traits across generations
Summary
Animals are bred for food, fibers, transport, protection, company as well as for other purposes such as scientific research (Flint and Woolliams, 2008). The production of fish based on crossbreeding programs is expected to increase as the farming of fish such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is expanding rapidly (Gjedrem et al, 2012; Gjedrem and Rye, 2018; Mehar et al, 2019). Several strategies such as selective breeding have been implemented to increase the production of fast-growing fish species and their disease resistance (Lind et al, 2012; Ina-Salwany et al, 2019). It has been reported that selective breeding can produce fishes with microbiota that can be manipulated to improve disease resistance (Piazzon et al, 2020)
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