Abstract
BackgroundApproximately every fifth Dachshund is affected by disc herniation - a painful, hereditary condition which is typically preceded by disc calcification. Therefore, the selection of dogs suitable for breeding can be based on radiographic examination of calcification status.Recently, an insertion of an FGF4 retrogene on CFA12 has been identified and associated with the risk of developing disc herniation in chondrodystrophic breeds and a DNA test is now offered.In this study we investigate the incidence of disc herniation in the smooth-haired, long-haired and wire- haired Dachshund populations. We also evaluate and compare the accuracy of the two breeding schemes predicting the risk of disc herniation: the DNA test and the radiography based scheme.ResultsThe overall incidence of disc herniation in Danish Dachshunds was 18% and no significant difference was found between the long-haired (17%), smooth-haired (22%) and wire-haired (16%) populations (p > 0.05). We found a significant association (p < 0.0001) between calcification status and the risk of disc herniation with a relative risk of 14.78. Using calcification status (≥ 5 or < 5 calcifications) as a risk indicator has a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.91.A significant association between the FGF4 retrogene insertion and the disc calcification status was found in the wire-haired population (p < 0.0001) where the DNA test has a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.14. In the long- and smooth-haired populations no association was found (p > 0.05) and here the insertion allele was almost fixed.ConclusionOur results show that the FGF4 retrogene insertion on CFA12 is not a valid risk indicator on its own. Relying on the DNA test will have an irreversible effect on the Dachshund breed excluding almost all dogs from breeding. Thus, using calcification status remains the most reliable breeding scheme for disc herniation in Dachshunds.
Highlights
Every fifth Dachshund is affected by disc herniation - a painful, hereditary condition which is typically preceded by disc calcification
Several of these breeds are prone to early onset intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) often leading to intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), a painful debilitating condition, which in many cases calls for surgery or even euthanasia
In this study we assess the incidence of IVDH in Dachshunds and evaluate the accuracy of two breeding schemes relying on disc calcification scores and the DNA test, respectively
Summary
Every fifth Dachshund is affected by disc herniation - a painful, hereditary condition which is typically preceded by disc calcification. We evaluate and compare the accuracy of the two breeding schemes predicting the risk of disc herniation: the DNA test and the radiography based scheme. Chondrodystrophic dog breeds, including Dachshunds, are characterized by disproportionate dwarfism owing to their inherent failure of normal endochondral ossification. Several of these breeds are prone to early onset intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) often leading to intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), a painful debilitating condition, which in many cases calls for surgery or even euthanasia. In this study we assess the incidence of IVDH in Dachshunds and evaluate the accuracy of two breeding schemes relying on disc calcification scores and the DNA test, respectively
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