Abstract
This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.
Highlights
About 350,000 species of flowering plants have been described, but not every one of them is sufficiently studied to be called medicinal
In order to estimate which group of bioactive substances (BS) has a particular effect, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) carries out a complex of chemical and pharmacological studies on extraction, fractionation, purification, isolation of BS from each studied object and determination of their specific activity
Plant breeders of the VILAR and its branches have created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and aromatic plants using selection methods, intraspecific and interspecific hybridization, experimental polyploidy and mutagenesis for more than 70 years
Summary
About 350,000 species of flowering plants have been described, but not every one of them is sufficiently studied to be called medicinal. A targeted selection of fertile forms with valuable traits (yield of leaves and above ground mass, content of essential oil and menthol) used for hybridization or to obtain generative offspring from free pollination was carried out. With regard to introduced species, the aim of breeding is to increase valuable agronomic indicators (yield and quality of raw plant materials), and indicators showing adaptation to regional conditions (seed productivity, duration of the growing season and winter hardiness). By individual selection using vegetative reproduction (initial form) and self-pollination (within the family), we obtained breeding material with stable productivity and adaptability which became the basis for a new variety Severyanka deve loped for the Non-Chernozem zone (see Fig. 7, c) (Korotkikh et al, 2019). Breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops in VILAR: achievements and prospects c
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