Abstract
Breeding in both lotic and lentic habitats explains the invasive potential of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) in Portugal
Highlights
Climate matching and propagule pressure are two of the most important variables in predicting the establishment success and expansion of invasive species (Lockwood et al 2007; Capinha et al 2013)
While late stage tadpoles beginning metamorphic climax were found in most sites, they were first seen about 1 month earlier in lentic sites, on average on July 15, compared to August 10 in lotic sites (Table 1)
Given the developmental stages considered, there was a clear difference in the average snout-vent length (SVL) of tadpoles among sites (GLZ, Wald χ2 = 2923.78, df = 10, P < 0.001)
Summary
Climate matching and propagule pressure are two of the most important variables in predicting the establishment success and expansion of invasive species (Lockwood et al 2007; Capinha et al 2013). High quality propagules produced at favorable sites will play an important part in the invasion process, due to their higher survival and, after sexual maturation, higher reproductive output (Tejedo 1992; Lockwood et al 2005; Cabrera-Guzmán et al 2013a). Larger metamorphic size increases adult survival and fitness in many anurans and has been associated with earlier maturity, larger adult sizes and higher fecundity in females (Smith 1987; Tejedo 1992; Altwegg and Reyer 2003; Cabrera-Guzmán et al 2013a)
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