Abstract
Using 3-year heights, the tallest 49 provenances were selected in a nursery test of 110 black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) provenances. A field test of the selected provenances was planted in Wisconsin; two tests of 108 provenances, both in Minnesota. Characteristics evaluated in the nursery included heights after two, three, and five growing seasons, and growth initiation and cessation in the second and third growing season. Heights were measured in the field tests. Separate statistical analyses, ANOVA and simple correlation, were used for the full complement of provenances and for those that were selected. All nursery characteristics varied significantly; the correlations between latitude and height decreased with age, and were not significant after five season's growth. Differences among provenances in free growth may explain this. Selection at age 3 years was not effective; too many selection errors were evident in the test of the full complement of provenances. Early selection on the basis of heights and phenological characteristics is not an effective way of reducing large range-wide provenance tests to breeding populations.
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