Abstract
Drought is the most severe abiotic stresses in many parts of the world and is one of the major problems in present-day climatic scenario. Drought tolerant varieties are with high demand which seems to be a great challenging task to plant breeders however difficulties are combined by the difficulty of crop yield on the genetic and physiological bases. Drought resistance may be defined as the mechanism(s) causing minimum loss of the yield in a drought environment relative to the maximum yield in a constant-free of optimal environment for the crop. Several researchers explained the plant reaction to drought through drought escape, dehydration avoidance, and/or dehydration tolerance mechanisms. Drought stress decreases size of the leaves, stem extension and root proliferation inside the soil, it also disturbs plant water relations and reduces water-use efficiency ultimately reduces the yielding ability of the plant so, breeding for Drought resistance is a good approach, following different breeding strategies and approaches to develop a drought resistant variety combining both conventional and molecular approaches. Considering the parameters like root morphology studies, proline estimation, leaf rolling etc., Selection based on a comprehensive approach of testing might be more effective in breeding better drought-tolerant cultivars.
Highlights
Many crops grown in diverse environmental conditions and are subjected to different stress conditions among them drought is the major yield limiting factor in major crops
As the Southwest monsoon are irregular it results in moderate to severe drought in rainfed regions, in eastern India, as a result many morphological, physiological and phenological traits have been reported to improve the performance of many crops to challenge the drought condition Drought Tolerance is defined as the capacity of plants to uphold a certain level of physiological activity over the regulation and well fine-tuning of thousands of genes and numerous metabolic pathways to decrease the resulting damage [1, 2]
Combined breeding scheme is to be developed by plant breeder to enhance yield and drought resistance characters
Summary
Many crops grown in diverse environmental conditions and are subjected to different stress conditions among them drought is the major yield limiting factor in major crops. Food for future generations is challenged by increasing demand and threatened by deteriorating water availability, nearly 23 million hectares of rainfed rice in South and Southeast Asia are drought prone areas. In some states of India, due to severe drought conditions nearly 40% yield loss, amounting to $800 million is affected. Drought is insufficiency of water availability, including precipitation and soil moisture storage capacity, in quantity and supply the life cycle of a crop to restrict the maximum genetic grain yield possibility of the crop
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