Breeding for cold-resistant, seedless grapes from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis using embryo rescue

Abstract

ABSTRACTHybridisation was carried out between stenospermocarpic seedless grape cultivars (female parents) and Chinese wild Vitis amurensis or its hybrids with cold-resistance alleles (male parents). The aim of this paper was: (1) to evaluate the effects of the addition of the plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the embryo development medium MM3 + 500 mg L−1 casein hydrolysate + 1 mmol L−1 serine; (2) to obtain a batch of seedless hybrid grape offspring by embryo rescue; and (3) to screen suitable genotypes for embryo rescue. The results indicated that adding 1.75 mg L−1 IAA promotes embryo development, germination and plantlet formation in the combinations of ‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘00-1-5’ and ‘Beauty Seedless’ × ‘Beichun’. However, it inhibits the combinations ‘Perlette’ × ‘00-1-5’ and ‘Neptune’ × ‘00-1-5’. ‘Crimson Seedless’, ‘Ruby Seedless’ and ‘Flame Seedless’ were more suitable as female parents than ‘Neptune’, ‘Perlette’, ‘Beauty Seedless’, ‘Heshen Seedless’, ‘Jupiter’ and ‘Su-67’. The Hybrid ‘00-1-5’ performed best as the male parent for cold-resistant seedless grape embryo rescue. A total of 267 new hybrid progenies derived from 11 cross combinations were obtained by embryo rescue. GLSP1 and SCF27, two special primers of the molecular marker linked to seedless gene in grape, were employed to screen the progenies of five cross combinations for possible seedlessness. Five of 22 strains obtained from two cross combinations had the marker GLSP1-569; 43 of 89 strains obtained from three cross combinations had the marker SCF27-2000. These marked strains were preliminarily identified as being seedless.