Abstract
BackgroundCanine breeds may be considered good animal models for the study of genetic predisposition to cancer, as they represent genetic clusters. From epidemiologic and case collection studies it emerges that some breeds are more likely to develop lymphoma or specific subtypes of lymphoma but available data are variable and geographically inconsistent. This study was born in the context of the European Canine Lymphoma Network with the aim of investigating the breed prevalence of canine lymphoma in different European countries and of investigating possible breed risk of lymphoma overall and/or different lymphoma subtypes.ResultsA total of 1529 canine nodal lymphoma cases and 55,529 control cases from 8 European countries/institutions were retrospectively collected. Odds ratios for lymphoma varied among different countries but Doberman, Rottweiler, boxer and Bernese mountain dogs showed a significant predisposition to lymphoma. In particular, boxers tended to develop T-cell lymphomas (either high- or low-grade) while Rottweilers had a high prevalence of B-cell lymphomas. Labradors were not predisposed to lymphoma overall but tended to develop mainly high-grade T-cell lymphomas. In contrast with previous studies outside of Europe, the European golden retriever population did not show any possible predisposition to lymphoma overall or to specific subtypes such as T-zone lymphoma.ConclusionFurther prospective studies with more precise and consistent subtype identification are needed to confirm our retrospective results and to create the basis for the investigation of possible genes involved in different predispositions.
Highlights
Canine breeds may be considered good animal models for the study of genetic predisposition to cancer, as they represent genetic clusters
The following 9 breeds were over-represented among lymphoma-affected dogs: Labrador retriever (n = 91, 5.5%), boxer (n = 88; 5.1%), German shepherd (n = 72; 4.2%), golden retriever (n = 71; 4.1%), Rottweiler (n = 62; 3,6%), Bernese mountain dog (n = 60; 3.5%), Doberman (n = 35; 2.0%), English cocker spaniel (n = 33; 1.9%) and beagle (n = 28; 1.6%)
Golden retrievers were found to be mildly predisposed just in the UK (OR = 2.16; confidence limit = 1.34–3.49) while no predisposition was recorded in other countries
Summary
Canine breeds may be considered good animal models for the study of genetic predisposition to cancer, as they represent genetic clusters. Further data on the prevalence of specific lymphoma subtypes among different breeds can be found in larger lymphoma studies [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] (Additional file 2: Table S2). From these data taken together, it emerges that lymphoma is over-represented in the Doberman, Bernese mountain dog, Rottweiler, boxer, and bullmastiff breeds, independently
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