Abstract

HEMP thrusters develop breathing mode oscillations with frequencies in the 100 kHz range during stable operation in test facilities. The mechanism of those oscillations in the HEMP-T DM3a model, developed by Thales Deutschland GmbH, is investigated using a fully kinetic PIC-MCC simulation model. The formation and time evolution of a breathing mode are discussed. The consequences for stable thruster operation are outlined and the oscillation frequency is compared to a 0D predator–prey oscillation frequency estimate. A comparison with an experimental discharge current measurement of a breathing mode is discussed.

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