Abstract
Previous research suggests that the conductor's choice of preparatory gesture affects choral singers’ breathing behavior as well as the corresponding loudness and sound quality. As these gestures are in choral practice often combined with instructions on the desired breathing technique, the aim of this study was to explore whether congruent and incongruent combinations of preparatory gestures with breathing instructions affect the breathing behavior and resulting loudness in choral singers. In our within-subjects study design, 18 healthy choral singers were asked to sing a tone in response to 4 different video stimuli, consisting of two congruent and two incongruent gesture-instruction combinations. We recorded chest wall kinematics via three-dimensional motion capture and voice samples. The results show that the used preparatory gesture has an influence on the predetermined inhalation type. Particularly, the most common inward-upward gesture combined with an abdominal inhalation results in a significantly reduced chest wall expansion and loudness of the resulting tone. Furthermore, the moment of maximum inhalation and onset are delayed after inward-upward gestures. Consequently, in choral practice, it is essential to generally consider that the selected preparatory gesture has significant influence on the resulting sound and should therefore be chosen according to the desired type of inhalation.
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