Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to identify dietary patterns of children under two years of age in primary care, associating them with maternal variables. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in basic health units. Sample selected for convenience with 321 children under two years old and their mothers. Food consumption was obtained through a 24-hour food record. The method of factor analysis by main components was used to determine dietary patterns. Associations between maternal variables and dietary patterns were tested. Results: “mixed”, “porridge” and “snacks” patterns were identified. Receiving guidance on infant feeding was related to greater adherence to the “mixed” (p = 0.02; PR = 2.98; 95% CI95% = 1.49-5.96) and “porridge” (p = 0.026; PR = 2.10; CI95% = 1.09-4.02) patterns. Experience with breastfeeding showed greater adherence to the "porridge" standards (p=0.038; PR = 1.78; CI95%= 1.03-3.08) and "snacks" (p = 0.026; PR = 1.09; CI95% = 1.01-1.18) and children of overweight mothers showed less adherence to the “snacks” pattern (p = 0.042; PR = 0.51; CI95%= 0.26-0.98). Conclusions: patterns found were associated with guidance on infant feeding and breastfeeding, previous experience with breastfeeding, as well as with maternal excess weight, emphasizing the importance of professional guidance for greater adherence to more varied and healthy consumption patterns and that include the different food groups.
Highlights
Experience with breastfeeding showed greater adherence to the "porridge" standards (p=0.038; Prevalence ratios (PR) = 1.78; CI95%= 1.03-3.08) and "snacks" (p = 0.026; PR = 1.09; CI95% = 1.01-1.18) and children of overweight mothers showed less adherence to the “snacks” pattern (p = 0.042; PR = 0.51; CI95%= 0.26-0.98)
The initial experiences of feeding children with new flavors, smells and textures, especially in the first year of life, should be valued, as they can define their preferences of tastes and flavors, and with that, facilitate or hinder the adoption of healthy practices from the very beginning of life, in addition to being able to favor the scenario for a healthy food future, which will play an important role in protecting against diseases.[3]
The present study is cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach. It was developed in seven Primary Health Care Units (PHCU) belonging to the Regional Executive Secretariats of the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, chosen by lot
Summary
The first thousand days of life are a critical period of child development, with repercussions on adult life. The evaluation of the food consumption of Brazilian children shows inadequate practices, such as early weaning, consumption of foods not suitable for the age group, such as cow's milk, sugar and honey before one year of life; insufficient intake of fruits, vegetables, meats and beans; early exposure to ultra-processed foods. In addition to these inadequacies, it is observed that the daily diet is, in most cases, monotonous and in inadequate quantity, frequency and consistency.[4,5,6]
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