Abstract
Health benefits of breast-feeding have been recognised since antiquity [1], and yet with every passing decade, our scientific understanding of breast-feeding as a mode of nutrition seems to accelerate rather than reach a ‘final plateau’. We already have compelling evidence that it matters, yet we also have much to discover about how exactly breast-feeding functions as a biological process, how and why it varies between mother–infant dyads, and what this means for promoting successful breast-feeding to the benefit of mothers and infants. Breast-feeding is arguably the ultimate ‘biosocial’ trait, simultaneously linking complex physiological processes with multiple components of behaviour in both mother and offspring that are amenable to cultural influences [2].
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