Breast cancer awareness and knowledge assessment among men and women in Malaysia

Abstract

The prevalence of breast cancer cases in Malaysia is 1 in every 20 women. Comprehending the risk factors and causation of breast cancer as well as enabling early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent possible recurrence and fatality. Education on breast cancer plays a pivotal role in raising awareness and overcoming skepticism towards breast examination regimens. The present study aims to compare the awareness and knowledge levels between genders among the local residents of Klang Valley area, Malaysia. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between October 2018 and January 2019, utilising a random convenient sampling technique. Recruitment of participants was undertaken at population-concentrated locations around the Klang Valley area. A total of 440 volunteers, 198 men and 242 women aged 18 years and above, completed the questionnaire via Google link using several electronic gadgets. Results have revealed that the majority of the residents, regardless of gender, have moderate knowledge or awareness with regard to breast cancer (76.5%), breast cancer symptoms (76.8%), and breast cancer risk factors (74.3%). However, female respondents possessed higher knowledge levels than male respondents with regard to breast cancer symptoms (p = 0.005), whereas a significant difference regarding the knowledge on breast cancer risk factors between genders is absent (p = 0.702). In terms of breast cancer screening methods, more females than males possessed sufficient knowledge about breast self-examination and mammography, constituting 50.8% and 68.2% respectively among the female demographic. Nevertheless, we perceived that the reluctance of breast examination may be due to cultural stigma and self-induced fear. This contemporary research certainly demonstrates an insufficiency of knowledge on breast cancer among the general population irrespective of gender, which further emphasises the relevance of literacy and awareness among the public to help conquer cancer.