Abstract

I. Introduction II. Peripheral Estrogen Synthesis and Blood and Tissue Estrogens in Breast Cancer A. Peripheral estrogen synthesis B. Aromatase C. Estrone sulfatase D. E2DH E. Origins of breast tumor estrogens III. Influence of Breast Tumor Location on Enzyme Activities in Adjacent Tissues IV. Proposed Model for the Regulation of Estrogen Synthesis in Breast Tumors V. Evidence in Support of Proposed Model of Cytokine Regulation of Estrogen Synthesis A. Identification of factors that stimulate estrogen synthesis B. Potentiation of cytokine stimulation of estrogen synthesis VI. The Role of Soluble Cytokine Receptors in Cytokine Action A. Mechanism of cytokine action B. Regulation of gp80 and gp130 C. Regulation of IL-6 sR shedding VII. Origin of Estrogen-Stimulating Factors in Breast Tumors A. The role of cells of the immune system B. Macrophages and lymphocytes in breast tumors VIII. Regulation of Lymphocyte Cytokine Production A. Th1 and Th2-helper cells B. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and glucocorticoids...

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