Abstract
This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2019 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2019.GFM.V0018.
Highlights
Breaking waves entrain air bubbles that rise to the surface [1,2]
The reason is that surfactants and electrolytes [3,4,5] found in seawater prevent or delay coalescence as they stabilize the thin liquid films separating the bubbles
We show how prevention of coalescence changes the behavior of bubbles entrained by breaking waves
Summary
Breaking waves entrain air bubbles that rise to the surface [1,2]. The bubbles disappear as they coalesce with each other or with the atmosphere. The bubbles cluster up on the surface and appear as foam. The reason is that surfactants and electrolytes [3,4,5] found in seawater prevent or delay coalescence as they stabilize the thin liquid films separating the bubbles.
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