Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. It may exist from the beginning, or it may develop during therapy. The review focusses on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a biological agent with potential to break therapy resistance. This avian virus combines, upon inoculation into non-permissive hosts such as human, 12 described anti-neoplastic effects with 11 described immune stimulatory properties. Fifty years of clinical application of NDV give witness to the high safety profile of this biological agent. In 2015, an important milestone was achieved, namely the successful production of NDV according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Based on this, IOZK in Cologne, Germany, obtained a GMP certificate for the production of a dendritic cell vaccine loaded with tumor antigens from a lysate of patient-derived tumor cells together with immunological danger signals from NDV for intracutaneous application. This update includes single case reports and retrospective analyses from patients treated at IOZK. The review also presents future perspectives, including the concept of in situ vaccination and the combination of NDV or other oncolytic viruses with checkpoint inhibitors.
Highlights
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) provide a new promising way to treat cancer
Concluded that the results demonstrated improved disease-free survival (DSF) in comparison with survival data published for similar patients who were treated by surgery alone [134]
While there was no significant difference between control and vaccinated rectal cancer, a significant benefit was seen in the colon cancer subgroup with regard to metastasis-free survival and overall survival: In the vaccinated arm, only 30.8% had died, while in the control arm 78.6% had died [142]
Summary
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) provide a new promising way to treat cancer Such biological agents replicate selectively in tumor cells and induce tumor-selective cell death (oncolysis). Oncolytic viral therapy has an initial phase in which the virus mediates direct oncolysis of tumor cells, followed by a second phase of post-oncolytic immune response. This review deals with a native OV from birds, Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This paramyxovirus is not adapted to the human immune system. Since NDV has neither adverse effects on human cells nor any pathology, it can be used as a native OV in cancer patients. The safety profile for NDV includes lack of gene exchange via recombination, lack of interaction with host cell DNA, virus replication independent of cell proliferation and low side effects in cancer patients. This review aims at updating information concerning NDV with regard to basics and application in cancer patients
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
