Breaking the Cycle: Innovative Approaches to Managing Sickle Cell Anemia

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal red blood cells, causing anemia and Vaso occlusive events. Recent advancements in research and practice have led to innovative approaches in managing the disease. This review explores sickle cell anemia management, including standard treatments like hydroxyurea therapy and transfusions, but focuses on emerging strategies. Gene therapy, utilizing lentiviral vectors and CRISPR/Cas9, shows promise for curative interventions. Pharmacological therapies targeting the disease’s pathophysiology, such as fetal hemoglobin inducers and antiinflammatory drugs, are examined. Bone marrow transplantation, non-transfusion therapies, and pain management strategies, including non-opioid analgesics and non-pharmacological interventions, are discussed. Comprehensive care models, including multidisciplinary teams and telemedicine, are recognized as essential. The review emphasizes the need for continued research and innovation to improve the outlook for individuals with sickle cell anemia.