Breaking the barriers in management of Alzheimer's disease through cationic nanoformulation: A review

Abstract

Neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to cognitive and behavioral decline. The current crop of FDA-approved treatments for AD can only reduce symptoms and postpone the disease's progression by facilitating communication between neurons in brain of AD patient. Any potential treatment for Alzheimer's should reduce inflammation, prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, and act as an antioxidant. Traditional treatments, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, frequently fall short of their intended effects due to solubility, bioavailability, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) bridging. Therapy failure is frequently caused due to inadequate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of commonly used medications. Systemic delivery to the central nervous system using cationic nanosized carriers is a promising area of research. Adsorption-mediated translocation refers to their ability to interrelate electrostatically with cell membranes that are negatively charged and cross the BBB through endocytosis or adsorption-mediated transcytosis. Cationic nanopharmaceuticals (CNPs) showed potential for treating AD in-vivo following systemic administration. Adsorption-mediated transcytosis across the BBB can be easily facilitated by cationic lipids, increasing mucoadhesion in the nasal cavity by enhancing electrostatic interactions with mucus. Nano-cationic formulations' dimensions, elasticity, hydrophobicity, surface charge, chemistry, and morphology significantly impact their in-vivo journey. In this review the current state of cationic nanoformulation for targeting AD and promising future directions for this approach have been briefly discussed with dricption that fill the gap in knowledge.