Abstract
Seeds of Grewia damine are dormant and vegetative propagation is difficult which act as an obstacle for the introduction of this species for commercial or conservation processes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the seed dormancy breaking treatments to improve seed germination of G. damine . The following dormancy breaking treatments were applied: control (intact seeds); scarified seeds with sand paper; hot water treatment (100 0 C) for 5, 10 and 15 minutes; refrigeration at 2-5 0 C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks; Conc. H 2 SO 4 or HNO 3 immersion for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Germination parameters were measured and the data were subjected to ANOVA in Minitab 15. A significantly high (p 50% = 5.447) were recorded in the treatment of scarification with a sand paper followed by the treatments with Conc. H 2 SO 4 for 15 minutes and boiling water for 5 minutes where germination was 55 %. While significantly low germination of 22 % was recorded with Conc. HNO 3 for 15 minutes. The results suggests that seeds of G. damine possess a physical dormancy. None of the untreated seeds of G. damine germinated within the study period and scarification with a sand paper proved to be the most effective method of breaking seed dormancy. Hence seeds could be used by the nurserymen after breaking dormancy to produce plant material at large scale.
Highlights
The use of native plants in ground-level landscaping is promoted by both aesthetic and scientific arguments
Significant differences between treatments were determined using LSD test at the 0.05 probability level. It was revealed from the present study that none of the untreated seeds of G. damine germinated within 60 days (Table 2)
Germination resumes with four dormancy breaking treatments viz., scarification with a sand paper, hot water treatment (100 0C) for 5 minutes, Conc
Summary
The use of native plants in ground-level landscaping is promoted by both aesthetic and scientific arguments. The aesthetic arguments are either culturally based, being that native plants are part of our cultural heritage (MacDonagh et al, 2006) or design driven, as native plants blend into the surrounding landscape (Kiers, 2004). According to Kramer (2013), the widespread replacement of native vegetation with exotic ornamental plants in managed landscapes is a growing problem for the organisms that depend on native plants for food, shelter and breeding. Native plants share an evolutionary history with regional insects and other organisms (Wilde et al, 2015). Landscaping primarily with exotic plant species would be expected to be detrimental to insect herbivores that have adapted to native plant hosts (Tallamy, 2004). Exotic plants dominate esthetically-managed landscapes in many parts of the world
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