Breaking seed dormancy for sustainable food production: Revisiting seed priming techniques and prospects

Abstract

Seed dormancy represents a pivotal challenge in seed germination, standing as a significant impediment to attaining SDG 2 - the zero-hunger goal. This dormancy arises from a range of environmental stressors, including restricted water conditions, temperature fluctuations, and light exposure. Consequently, the disruption of seed dormancy assumes paramount importance to ensure consistent germination and the cultivation of high-quality crops. Seed priming, an approach involving the treatment and desiccation of seeds, serves to augment pre-germination metabolism and expedite the germination process. Traditional priming methods encompass hydro-priming, halo-priming, hormonal-priming, and osmo-priming, each contributing to enhanced seed germination. Recent strides in priming technology have yielded even more effective outcomes concerning germination, germination timing, and seedling vigor. Novel approaches such as nano-priming (employing nanoparticle-infused solutions) and magneto-priming (involving magnetic fields) have surfaced, fostering uniform seed germination. Preeminent among these strategies is seed bio-priming, which not only alleviates seed dormancy but also augments nutrient uptake efficiency in germinating seedlings. This review paper delineates diverse priming methodologies applicable across a spectrum of crops, serving as an environmentally benign alternative to mitigate dormancy-linked predicaments and enhance plant growth. Additionally, we delve into the latest advancements in priming techniques and offer future perspectives. The central objective of this review article is to enhance comprehension of seed priming as a potent and invaluable tool for surmounting seed dormancy, consequently fostering sustainable global food production.