Breaking New Grounds with Emerging Paradigm of Genomic Signatures and Gene Expressions Generated from Single Cell RNA Transcriptomics: Through Molecular Elucidations and Translational Benefits

Abstract

Transcriptomics is the science of transcript analysis and comprises a list of strings called reads while Transcriptome is the full range of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules expressed by an organism, or it describes the pool of mRNA transcripts produced in a particular cell or tissue type. As such, this method is called RNA transcriptomics, when focused on the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the inclusion of sequence expositions in the analysis, it is termed RNAsequencing (RNAseq). The capacity to conduct unbiased single cell transcriptomics analysis on a wide scale and knitted to coordinate referencing at the tissue scale, brings synergy to improvement and holistic use of scRNA transcriptomics technique. Also, it reveals various forms of genomic signatures and gene expressions in examined tissues. In biomedical research, scientists have found use for RNAseq in the areas of biomarker discovery, characterization of cell heterogeneity and evolution, drug resistance, characterizing cancer immune micro-environment, immunotherapy, among others. This genomic single cell technology has been applied for studies in several diseases, of which includes neurodegenerative and some infectious diseases/clinical conditions, which remain challenges to man. This technique is breaking grounds and creating new corridors of options for translations in its use to benefit life science research (across animal and crop plants fields) and human health.