Abstract
Obesity affects 27.5% of Australian women. Breakfast cereal consumption has been proposed to be protective against obesity. This study investigated the association of breakfast cereal consumption with the risk of developing obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) over 12 years among mid-age participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). Dietary data were obtained at S3 and obesity incidence at S4–S7. Women were excluded if: dietary data were incomplete, energy intake was <4500 or >20,000 kJ/day, or they reported being overweight or obese at S3. Logistic regressions with discrete time survival analysis investigated the association between breakfast cereal intake and incident obesity and were adjusted for: area of residency, income, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, dietary intakes and a discrete measure of time. There were 308 incident cases of obesity. Any breakfast cereal intake was not associated with incident obesity (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.92; p = 0.68). Oat-based cereal (OR: 0.71; p = 0.01), muesli (OR: 0.57; p = 0.00) and All-Bran (OR: 0.62; p = 0.01) intakes were associated with a significant reduction in obesity risk. Among this cohort, muesli on its own, or as part of oat-based cereals, and All-Bran, were associated with a reduction in obesity. This effect may be due to particular characteristics of these cereal eaters, but the relationship warrants further investigation.
Highlights
In Australia in 2011–2012, 62.8% of the adult population was found to be either overweight (BMI 25.1–29.9 kg/m2 ) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) [1] with the prevalence of obesity among women at27.5% [2]
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of consumption of different categories of breakfast cereal on the risk of developing obesity over 12 years among participants of the mid-age cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH)
The participant characteristics of the women included in the analysis at S3 (2001) are described in Table 1 for all participants, breakfast cereal consumers, breakfast cereal non-consumers and in Table 2 for those consuming the individual types of breakfast cereals
Summary
In Australia in 2011–2012, 62.8% of the adult population was found to be either overweight (BMI 25.1–29.9 kg/m2 ) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) [1] with the prevalence of obesity among women at27.5% [2]. In Australia in 2011–2012, 62.8% of the adult population was found to be either overweight (BMI 25.1–29.9 kg/m2 ) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) [1] with the prevalence of obesity among women at. 39% of adults were overweight and 13% obese in 2014 [3]. Being overweight or obese is associated with unfavourable effects on blood cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin resistance, and blood pressure, which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and ischemic stroke [3]. A higher BMI is linked to a higher risk of some types of cancer (e.g., breast or colon cancer) [3]. A higher degree of overweight is associated with an increased risk of comorbidities related to non-communicable diseases and higher mortality [3]. Obesity has an estimated cost of about 1–3%
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