Abstract
We report the formation of nanobubbles on graphene with a radius of the order of 1 nm, using ultralow energy implantation of noble gas ions (He, Ne, Ar) into graphene grown on a Pt(111) surface. We show that the universal scaling of the aspect ratio, which has previously been established for larger bubbles, breaks down when the bubble radius approaches 1 nm, resulting in much larger aspect ratios. Moreover, we observe that the bubble stability and aspect ratio depend on the substrate onto which the graphene is grown (bubbles are stable for Pt but not for Cu) and trapped element. We interpret these dependencies in terms of the atomic compressibility of the noble gas as well as of the adhesion energies between graphene, the substrate, and trapped atoms.
Highlights
We report the formation of nanobubbles on graphene with a radius of the order of 1 nm, using ultralow energy implantation of noble gas ions (He, Ne, Ar) into graphene grown on a Pt(111) surface
Similar nanobubbles in other 2D materials such as MoS2 and h-BN are being investigated as single-photon emitters for quantum communication.[12,13]
We report the formation of graphene nanobubbles with a radius down to below 1 nm, filled with He, Ne, and Ar
Summary
Ahm[0] ax and are obtained from the data in Figure hm[0] ax is the average of hmax taken over the. In addition to providing insight on the spatial distribution of the trapped atoms and its relation to the bubble morphology and stability, molecular dynamics calculations allowed us to estimate the vdW pressure inside the bubbles, exceeding 30 GPa for the smallest bubbles These remarkably high strains and pressures illustrate the unique characteristics of this subnanometer bubble regime (achievable using ultralow energy ion implantation) compared to the previously studied (larger) nanobubbles.
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