Abstract
The Brazilian sugarcane industry constitutes a main player in the domestic economic environment and more specifically in the state of Sao Paulo. In this sense, engendering an economic and environmental analysis of the Sao Paulo sugarcane industry, and to identify possible points of conflict between the expansion of crop area and environmental conservation, constitutes the main objective of this essay. Using a combined approach with descriptive purposes, it was precede unstructured interview with technical manager of the Rural Association of Growers and Sugarcane Suppliers of Sorocaba region, primary documentary evidence obtained from the entity and secondary data from various official sources. The results showed that reduction in the number of agro-industrial units due to the strong economic crisis now facing the sector. However, the expansion of cultivation area has increased and, in parallel, the industry has been engaged in environmental conservation, especially with the increase of green areas, protection of water sources and reduced water consumption in the production process.
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