Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small-molecule compounds (SMCs) such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in plant growth and development as signaling messengers. Recently, the involvement of SMCs in BR-mediated growth and stress responses is gradually being discovered in plants, including seed germination, adventitious rooting, stem elongation, fruit ripening, and stress responses. The crosstalk between BRs and SMCs promotes plant development and alleviates stress damage by modulating the antioxidant system, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as osmotic adjustment. In the present review, we try to explain the function of BRs and SMCs and their crosstalk in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants.
Highlights
Indole-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin have been recognized as the known plant hormones found in plants many decades ago
Some studies have recently demonstrated that various phytohormones such as cytokinins (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, strigolactone, and melatonin are involved in plant growth and development and in responses to stress [1,2,3,4]
Li et al showed that exogenous EBR treatment increased the accumulation of theanine in Camellia sinensis L. to improve the quality of summer tea under high-temperature conditions [50]
Summary
Indole-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin have been recognized as the known plant hormones found in plants many decades ago. An increasing number of SMC types have been indicated to interact with BRs. For example, BRs have been shown to interact with some typical small molecules such as NO, ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and H2 S to modulate plant growth and tolerance to stress stimulus [18,19,20,21]. BRs have been shown to interact with some typical small molecules such as NO, ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and H2 S to modulate plant growth and tolerance to stress stimulus [18,19,20,21] This provides further insight into the function mechanism of SMCs and a new type of plant hormones in plant growth and development processes. We discuss further perspectives to obtain a clear outlook of the crosstalk between BRs and SMCs
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