Abstract
In the Compendium of Materia Medica, seahorse (Hippocampus) is considered effective for the reinforcement of kidney and men’s health. However, the role of seahorse on human health lacks scientific evidence. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of seahorse on human prostate cancer using various in vitro methods and identified bioactive compound. Seahorse lipid extract (SHL) decreased androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced LNCaP cells of prostate cancer. Gas Chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry data showed that brassicasterol was present in H. abdominalis. Brassicasterol downregulated the expression of AR and PSA in DHT-induced LNCaP cells. Brassicasterol induced apoptosis accompanied by sub-G1 phase arrest and inhibited migration in LNCaP cells. We confirmed that AKT and AR mediated the anti-cancer effect of brassicasterol using siRNA transfection. Brassicasterol exerts an anti-cancer effect in AR-independent cancer as well as in AR-dependent cells by AKT inhibiting. Our findings suggest that SHL has the anticancer potential via inhibition of AR and demonstrated that brassicasterol from H. abdominalis exerted an anti-cancer effect by dual-targeting AKT and AR signaling in prostate cancer.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in men worldwide
Total RNA was isolated from cells using TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). cDNA was synthesized from the purified total RNA using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed using the SYBR green RT-PCR kit (Bioneer, Seoul, Korea) and custom-designed primers
We examined the effect of Seahorse lipid extract (SHL) on androgen receptor (AR) protein expression levels in DHT-induced LNCaP cells
Summary
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in men worldwide. The incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer globally are strongly correlated to increasing age (over 65 years of age) [1]. CRPC tumors show advanced AR activation, including AR gene amplification, gain-of-function mutations [13,14], alterations in expression and function of crucial AR co-regulators, and generation of ligand-binding domain truncated AR splice variants(AR-Vs) [15] These data indicate that targeting AR is an important therapy in prostate cancer. It has been proved that correlative feedback activation of PI3K/AKT and AR signaling pathways let cancer cells to use to one pathway for survival when the other pathway is pharmacologically blocked [18,19] These findings support that co-targeting both pathways may fulfill better results for CRPC patients. We showed the anti-cancer effects of H. abdominalis and its bioactive compound, brassicasterol, on AR and AKT expression in prostate cancer cells
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