Abstract
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) is a popular vegetable with a wide range of pharmacological activities that help to promote human health. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of B. oleracea var. capitata L. extract (BOE) on HCl/ethanol (H/E)-induced gastric damages in mice. Pre-administration of BOE (25–100 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days significantly decreased macroscopically visible lesion on the gastric mucosa induced by H/E. In addition, results from hematoxylin and eosin-stained gastric tissue showed that BOE inhibited invaded percentage of lesion and prevented the reduction in mucosal thickness in peri-ulcerative region. BOE significantly alleviated the H/E-mediated decreases in Alcian blue binding, total hexose, sialic acid, and collagen in the gastric tissue, suggesting BOE attenuates the gastric damage via preserving the integrity of gastric mucus. Moreover, BOE significantly decreased histamine level in the plasma and reduced mRNA levels associated with secreting gastric acid. Furthermore, BOE inhibited myeloperoxidase activity and suppressed nuclear factor-κB mRNA and its dependent inflammatory genes expression induced by H/E. BOE also strengthened antioxidant enzyme activity, with a mitigating H/E-mediated increase in malondialdehyde level of the gastric tissue. Thus, these results suggest that BOE has the potential to protect the gastric tissue via inhibiting gastric acid secretion, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Highlights
Gastric ulcer is a multifactorial common disorder induced by dysregulation of acidpeptic activity in gastric juice, and lifetime prevalence of the disease has been estimated to be approximately 5 to 10% of general population [1]
Because vitamin U has been known as a representative gastroprotective natural product found in B. oleracea [25,26], we firstly quantified the level of vitamin U in BOE
After establishing the detection condition of vitamin U by high-performance liquid chromatography (Figure 1, left), we found that BOE used in the present study contained 50.26 mg/g of vitamin U (Figure 1, right)
Summary
Gastric ulcer is a multifactorial common disorder induced by dysregulation of acidpeptic activity in gastric juice, and lifetime prevalence of the disease has been estimated to be approximately 5 to 10% of general population [1]. Several aggressive factors, such as alcohol, smoking, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Helicobacter pylori infection has been considered to cause gastric ulcer by inhibiting mucosal defensive mechanisms (e.g., tight junctions between epithelial cells, microvascular blood circulation, and bicarbonate buffering system) [2,3]. Standard pharmacological agents for treating gastric ulcer (e.g., histamine receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors) still confer mild to severe side effects
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