Abstract
Recent ideas from particle physics introduce the possibility that the universe could be a higher‐dimensional spacetime, with our observable part of the universe being a 4‐dimensional “brane” surface. In this brane world scenario, Standard Model particles and fields are confined to the brane, while gravity propagates freely in all dimensions. At low energies, gravity is localized at the brane, behaving approximately as a 4‐dimensional field, and general relativity is recovered with small corrections. But at high energies in the early universe, gravity behaves as a truly higher‐dimensional field, “leaking” off the brane, and this leads to significant modifications to general relativistic dynamics and perturbations. These modifications can bring new features into cosmology, and at the same time, they are subject to strong constraints from high‐precision observations. This review gives an introduction to the dynamics and perturbations of simple 5‐dimensional brane world models for cosmology.
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