Abstract
Neutrino telescopes in water and ice can be described as a grid of optical sensors, called optical modules, which are sensitive to the Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged particles produced by neutrino interactions.Despite the same scientific objects, all the current projects adopted different optical module designs.IceCube, ANTARES and Baikal-GVD use a single large area photomultiplier, with a photocathode diameter of 10 inch, housed into 13" or 17" diameter transparent glass vessels.The KM3NeT project started a mass production of optical modules with an innovative multi-PMT design that comprises 31 3-inch photomultipliers integrated into a 17" glass sphere. This novel solution has several advantages with respect to the single large area photomultiplier solution: the segmented photocathode layout offers photon counting with higher efficiency and provides directional information and efficient rejection of optical background just at the photosensors detection level, with an almost uniform angular coverage.The paper deals with a general overview on the design of the different optical modules of the current neutrino detectors, with a particular focus on the multi-PMT solution of the KM3NeT project.
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