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Abstract
THE discovery, in 1959, that prolactin enables hypophysectomized killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to live in fresh water1,2 stimulated much investigation of the osmoregulatory functions of this hormone in euryhaline teleosts3. The presence of prolactin, or its teleostean equivalent (paralactin), is necessary for fresh water survival in many euryhaline cyprinodonts and in some unrelated species. In others, such as the eel (Anguilla anguilla), prolactin participates less in electrolyte homeostasis, and hypophysectomized fish of such species can withstand fresh water. Maetz and his associates4–6 have shown that a primary osmoregulatory function of prolactin is the reduction of extrarenal sodium outflux which is uncontrolled, or poorly controlled, after removal of the hypophysis. This becomes critical when a prolactin-dependent species, such as F. heteroclitus, is transferred to fresh water.
Published Version
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