Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) that include valine, leucine, and isoleucine are essential amino acids and are not synthesized de novo in organisms. Currently, in Japan, BCAAs supplementation is clinically used and covered by insurance only for patients with chronic liver diseases. BCAA supplementation improves disorders of albumin metabolism, quality of life, subjective symptoms, and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis [1]. Insulin resistance increases in chronic liver disease and is a risk factor for the progression of liver pathology, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a decrease in long-term survival [2, 3]. Therefore, insulin resistance is an important therapeutic target in patients at any stage of chronic liver disease. It remains unclear whether BCAAs improve insulin resistance in humans; both beneficial and deleterious effects of BCAAs are reported based on experimental and clinical observations. In the current review, we focus on the current issues on BCAA and glucose homeostasis from both experimental and clinical points of view.
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