Brain water diffusion coefficients and diffusion anisotropy in non-demented patients with diffuse leuko-araiosis

Abstract

To investigate changes in both water diffusion coefficients and diffusion anisotropy in white matter of non-demented patients with leuko-araiosis using diffusion-weighted MRI. Diffusion mapping was performed on 8 non-demented patients with leuko-araiosis, 6 patients with chronic cerebral infarction and 6 healthy volunteers, using a spin-echo sequence with motion probing gradient applied sequentially at two gradient strength settings in three orthogonal directions. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were calculated from 4 regions of interest located within the frontal and parietal subcortical white matter. The index of diffusion anisotropy (IDA) was calculated from the ADC in three orthogonal directions. (IDA = ADCmax-min/ADCmean x 100). Significantly larger ADC were found within the frontal and parietal subcortical white matter in the non-demented patients with leuko-araiosis (mean = 1.51 +/- 0.36 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and the were also significantly larger in patients with cerebral infarction (mean = 2.12 +/- 0.46 x 10(-3) mm2/s) than in the control group (mean = 1.01 +/- 0.33 x 10(-3) mm2/s). But no significant differences were found in the IDA between the non-demented patients with leuko-araiosis (mean = 43.1 +/- 29.2) and the control group (mean = 46.5 +/- 32.5). An increase in extracellular space caused by the loss of axonal fibers and myelin is probably the cause of the higher ADC in periventricular hyperintensity lesions. However, the remaining nerve fibers maintain the anisotropy in the lesions in non-demented patients with leuko-araiosis.