Brain Tumor Classification in Magnetic Resonance Images Using Deep Learning and Wavelet Transform

Ahmad M Sarhan

doi:10.4236/jbise.2020.136010

Abstract

A brain tumor is a mass of abnormal cells in the brain. Brain tumors can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Conventional diagnosis of a brain tumor by the radiologist is done by examining a set of images produced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many computer-aided detection (CAD) systems have been developed in order to help the radiologists reach their goal of correctly classifying the MRI image. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in the classification of medical images. This paper presents a novel CAD technique for the classification of brain tumors in MRI images. The proposed system extracts features from the brain MRI images by utilizing the strong energy compactness property exhibited by the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The Wavelet features are then applied to a CNN to classify the input MRI image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other commonly used methods and gives an overall accuracy of 99.3%.

Highlights

Brain tumor results from cancer cells that grow uncontrollably in the brain to create a mass of cancer tissue
Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, is an aggressive type of central nervous system (CNS) tumor that originates in the supportive tissue of the brain and usually affects adults
Computer aided detection (CAD) systems, especially those systems based on machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) methods, have been widely adopted in cancer detection systems [22]

Summary

Introduction

Brain tumor results from cancer cells that grow uncontrollably in the brain to create a mass of cancer tissue (tumor). The tumor in the brain interferes with brain tasks such as memory, muscle control, and other body operations [1, 2]. Depending on the type of tumor and its location in the brain, symptoms may include seizures, memory problems, unusual behavior, confusion, vision changes, and balance difficulties [3,4,5]. Brain cancer may be caused by factors such as exposure to ionizing radiation and a family history of brain cancer [6, 7]. Various treatment options are available for brain cancer patients. The options include radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments [8]. The first stage of treatment given to brain cancer patients is radiotherapy [9, 10]. If some tumor is left after surgery, which is often the case, chemotherapy is administered [11, 12]

Methods

Results

Conclusion