Brain Tumor Autophagy: A New Breakthrough in Cancer Research

Abstract

Autophagy is the inherent, preserved cell breakdown that removes undesirable or imperfect factors through a lysosome- correspondent definite media. It slows down necrosis in cancer cells, which in ramble slows down the inflammation that comes before necrosis, which is understood to speed up neoplasm growth but whose exact cause is intimately unclear. Hence, autophagy is nowadays noted as a pivotal element since it stops the advancement of tumor by precluding cancer cells from ageing and turning on cell death. Yet, some autophagic pathways, alike the PI3K- AKT- mTOR pathway, also amplify tumor production. This pathway has steps like inauguration, nucleation, extension and conformation of double membrane vesicles understood as autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes in mammals and vacuoles in yeast and plants, for the degeneration of the intravascular cargo. Because, autophagy contributes to both tumorigenesis and tumor suppression, it isn’t easy to distinguish if it results in a positive or negative stasis for cell survival. So, autophagy should be acclimated in the molecular, cellular and epigenetic environment, to deduce variety of tumor cells, in high- grade gliomas. In this review, we talk over the aim of pathways, modulators and genes of autophagy in brain neoplasms.