Abstract
BackgroundTuberculosis remains a public health problem in developing countries and is associated with lethal central nervous system complications. Intracranial tuberculomas occur in 13% of children with neurotuberculosis. Patients with trisomy 21 have an increased risk for stroke, which usually stems from cardiovascular defects.Case presentationWe report a case of a 12-year-old Sudanese boy with trisomy 21 who was presented to our hospital with focal convulsions and right-sided weakness. The results of neuroimaging and histopathological examinations were consistent with cerebral tuberculoma. The patient had a good initial response to antituberculosis drugs and steroids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of multiple brain tuberculomas described in a child with trisomy 21.ConclusionsPatients with trisomy 21 have an increased risk for stroke. Our patient had an exceptional case of stroke caused by tuberculoma. The present case emphasizes the need to consider tuberculomas in the differential diagnosis of children with neurological symptoms living in areas of high tuberculosis incidence.
Highlights
Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in developing countries and is associated with lethal central nervous system complications
The present case emphasizes the need to consider tuberculomas in the differential diagnosis of children with neurological symptoms living in areas of high tuberculosis incidence
Intracranial tuberculomas occur in 13% of children with neurotuberculosis [3]
Summary
Tuberculosis remains a public health problem with lethal CNS complications in developing countries. Patients with trisomy 21 show an increased risk for stroke, which is due to tuberculoma in exceptional cases such as our patient’s. Medical therapy with antituberculosis drugs and steroids can lead to complete resolution of tuberculomas, and surgery is reserved for selected cases. Our patient’s case emphasizes the need to consider tuberculomas in the differential diagnosis of children with neurological symptoms living in areas of high tuberculosis incidence
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