Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes on the sex differences that appear to be valid and observed repeatedly. The differences discussed are structural, chemical, physiological, psychological, and cognitive. Sex differences in human brain structure and function result from an interaction between nature and nurture. There are at least a few structural sex differences in the adult human brain and that some of these are feminized in male homosexuals and MF transsexuals. Early exposure to sex hormones irreversibly organizes brain sex differences, but adult hormones activate these organized differences. Some adult brain sex differences are the result of activational hormone effects only. There are neonatal and childhood behavioral sex differences that could have a strong biological component. Although these sex differences are influenced by experience. Furthermore, there is a little information about the influence of environment and learning on the brain structure and the function in human males and females. Several anatomical sex differences between the brains of men and women, in both the cerebrum and the hypothalamus, are demonstrated. It also discusses the differences between the male and the female human brain from fetus through adulthood.

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