Abstract

The brain’s anatomical criteria are seldom considered when systematicians determine the relationships of different taxa within a classification. This fact is as much because of the difficulties in studying these criteria as because of a strong anatomical stability shown by the brain. The conservatism is so strong that qualitative differences are not found either between species of the same genus or between genera of the same family. The only way to avoid this difficulty is to use quantitative methods that can show size differences that are not visible either macro- or microscopically. The need for a strict protocol and the amount of work necessary before results are obtained limit the numbers of this kind of study. Such problems, however, are not insurmountable.

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