Brain Fatty Acid Composition and Inflammation in Mice Fed with High-Carbohydrate Diet or High-Fat Diet.

Lorena Gimenez Da Silva-Santi,Laureane Nunes Masi,Camila Biesdorf De Almeida-Souza,Sandro Massao Hirabara,Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer,Rui Curi,Fabiana Carbonera,Marco Mori,Marina Masetto Antunes,Roberto Barbosa Bazotte,Amanda Rabello Crisma

doi:10.3390/nu10091277

Lorena Gimenez Da Silva-Santi, Laureane Nunes Masi + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091277

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Abstract

Both high fat diet (HFD) and high carbohydrate diet (HCD) modulate brain fatty acids (FA) composition. Notwithstanding, there is a lack of information on time sequence of brain FA deposition either for HFD or HCD. The changes in brain FA composition in mice fed with HFD or HCD for 7, 14, 28, or 56 days were compared with results of 0 (before starting given the diets). mRNA expressions of allograft inflammatory factor 1 (Aif1), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox 2), F4/80, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), integrin subunit alpha m (Itgam), interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The HFD group had higher speed of deposition of saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at the beginning of the experimental period. However, on day 56, the total amount of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were similar. mRNA expressions of F4/80 and Itgam, markers of microglia infiltration, were increased (p < 0.05) in the brain of the HCD group whereas inflammatory marker index (IMI) was higher (46%) in HFD group. In conclusion, the proportion of fat and carbohydrates in the diet modulates the speed deposition of FA and expression of inflammatory gene markers.

Highlights

Diet has been associated with brain function and alteration in of diet composition has been considered as a risk factor for the development of brain diseases [1,2,3,4,5].Lipid content represents more than half of brain dry weight and has a pivotal role for its integrity and function
The time sequence of changes induced by both diets on brain fatty acid (FA) composition has not yet been determined and compared yet
saturated FA (SFA) activates the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) that raises the expressions of inflammatory genes [22]

Summary

Introduction

Diet has been associated with brain function and alteration in of diet composition has been considered as a risk factor for the development of brain diseases [1,2,3,4,5]. Lipid content represents more than half of brain dry weight and has a pivotal role for its integrity and function. Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) such as arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) are structural and functional component of the brain. A high content of saturated fatty acids. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of brain diseases and it has been associated with the FA deposition [9,10,11]. The time sequence of changes induced by both diets on brain FA composition has not yet been determined and compared yet

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