Brain energetics and glucose transport in metabolic diseases: role in neurodegeneration

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives Neurons and glial cells are the main functional and structural elements of the brain, and the former depends on the latter for their nutritional, functional and structural organization, as well as for their energy maintenance. Methods Glucose is the main metabolic source that fulfills energetic demands, either by direct anaplerosis or through its conversion to metabolic intermediates. Development of some neurodegenerative diseases have been related with modifications in the expression and/or function of glial glucose transporters, which might cause physiological and/or pathological disturbances of brain metabolism. In the present contribution, we summarized the experimental findings that describe the exquisite adjustment in expression and function of glial glucose transporters from physiologic to pathologic metabolism, and its relevance to neurodegenerative diseases. Results A exhaustive literature review was done in order to gain insight into the role of brain energetics in neurodegenerative disease. This study made evident a critical involvement of glucose transporters and thus brain energetics in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Discussion An exquisite adjustment in the expression and function of glial glucose transporters from physiologic to pathologic metabolism is a biochemical signature of neurodegenerative diseases.