Abstract
Brain circuitries involved in sleep disorders.
Highlights
Sleep disorders can be hard to diagnose: they often have an onset in young ages, but young people are on the other hand prone to a physiological sleepiness or delayed sleep phase, sometimes facilitated by the use of social media and nightly entertainment
The young cases with narcolepsy due to the Pandemrix vaccination against swine flu in Europe in 2009/2010 put a focus on sleep disorders as a whole, with increasing awareness among physicians and in the society, and an increasing research activity [4,5,6]. This situation indicated clearly that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disease and recent research has clarified the pathology to a big extent: the experience with the Pandemrix/H1N1-initiated cases gave evidence that there is a combined pathogenesis with a genetic component (HLA DQB1*0602) and an environmental factor like vaccination/virus working through molecular mimicry
In many countries, there is increasing interest to detect and treat the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), since it is a condition with substantial impact on the occupational life and with severe cardiovascular risks in the long run [10]
Summary
Sleep disorders can be hard to diagnose: they often have an onset in young ages, but young people are on the other hand prone to a physiological sleepiness or delayed sleep phase, sometimes facilitated by the use of social media and nightly entertainment. The young cases with narcolepsy due to the Pandemrix vaccination against swine flu in Europe in 2009/2010 put a focus on sleep disorders as a whole, with increasing awareness among physicians and in the society, and an increasing research activity [4,5,6]. The etiology and mechanisms of other sleep disorders like, for example, hypersomnias are far more unclear.
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