Brain and behavior relationships in preterm children

Abstract

Although initial follow up studies of preterm children focused on outcomes such as cerebral palsy and intellectual disability, over time we have learned that social and emotional problems also may be consequences of preterm birth and that these problems may be associated with brain injury. In this volume of The Journal, Duncan et al studied extremely preterm toddlers at 18-22 months of age. Social difficulties and problem behaviors were described in 26-34% of children. Social competence was linked with cerebellar lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. The results of this study are consistent with the growing consensus that the cerebellum is important for social development in infancy and childhood (Cerebellum 2016;15:34-7). Although social development is complex and likely multifactorial, it is important for pediatricians to know that injury to the brain, including the cerebellum, may lead to difficulties with social-emotional development in toddlers (Front Psychol 2016;7:80). Parents' concerns may reflect more than a stage of development or parenting difficulties. More research is needed about how to best intervene to help children with these problems, but in the meantime, pediatricians can provide increased sensitivity to parental concerns, anticipatory guidance, and referrals for children with more significant difficulties. Article page 148 ▶ Behavioral Deficits at 18-22 Months of Age Are Associated with Early Cerebellar Injury and Cognitive and Language Performance in Children Born Extremely PretermThe Journal of PediatricsVol. 204PreviewTo investigate associations in toddlers born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) between neonatal neuroimaging and 18- to 22-month developmental and behavioral outcomes. Full-Text PDF