Abstract
Identifying distinct neural networks underlying social affect (empathy, compassion) and social cognition (Theory of Mind) has advanced our understanding of social interactions. However, little is known about the relation of activation in these networks to psychological experience in daily life. This study (N = 122) examined the ecological validity of neural activation patterns induced by a laboratory paradigm of social affect and cognition with respect to social interactions in everyday life. We used the EmpaToM task, a naturalistic video-based paradigm for the assessment of empathy, compassion, and Theory of Mind, and combined it with a subsequent 14-day ecological momentary assessment protocol on social interactions. Everyday social affect was predicted by social affect experienced during the EmpaToM task, but not by related neural activation in regions of interest from the social affect network. In contrast, everyday social cognition was predicted by neural activation differences in the medial prefrontal cortex – a region of interest from the social cognition network – but not by social cognition performance in the EmpaToM task. The relationship between medial prefrontal cortex activation and everyday social cognition was stronger for spontaneous rather than deliberate perspective taking during the EmpaToM task, pointing to a distinction between propensity and capacity in social cognition. Finally, this neural indicator of Theory of Mind explained variance in everyday social cognition to a similar extent as an established self-report scale. Taken together, this study provides evidence for the ecological validity of lab-based social affect and cognition paradigms when considering relevant moderating factors.
Highlights
Understanding others is a complex process that requires knowledge about others’ emotions, thoughts, beliefs and intentions
We report associations of the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) social affect and cognition variables with behavioral and questionnaire data to explore the validity of our primary dependent variables
We report the results of the situational contingency analyses that explore whether individual differences in neural activation moderate the association of interaction characteristics with everyday social affect and cognition
Summary
Understanding others is a complex process that requires knowledge about others’ emotions, thoughts, beliefs and intentions. Unless explicitly expressed, these mental states are not directly accessible and the observer needs to ascertain them in an ongoing process. The cognitive component, Theory of Mind (ToM), describes cognitive inference of others’ mental states, building on what they say, how they act, and on theories about their intentions and personalities (Frith and Frith, 2005). This skill requires the awareness that others’ mental states may differ from one’s own (Stuss et al, 2001). One may hypothezise that a new colleague is shy based on their behavior and that they might be grateful to be shown around without asking for it
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