Abstract
The effect of sea surface waves longer than Bragg components on the backscattering of centimeter electromagnetic radiation is studied on the basis of data on direct field measurements of sea-surface slopes. A situation in which waves with wavelengths greater than 10 cm are longer than the Bragg components is considered. The increase in the backscattering cross section that is due to the presence of long waves is numerically estimated for sounding at horizontal and vertical polarization. Nonlinear effects in the field of surface waves result in the departure of the distribution of sea-surface slopes from a Gaussian distribution and lead to a change in the backscattering cross section. At a sounding angle of 35°, this change may reach 15% with respect to the cross section calculated for a Gaussian surface.
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