Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold ve Top Red elma çeşitlerinde M9 anacı üzerindeki genç ağaçların verim ve bazı meyve özelliklerinin yaz ayları düşük nemli karasal iklim koşullarında incelenmesi

Abstract

Bu calismada, yaz aylari sicak, kurak ve nem orani dusuk karasal iklim kosullarinda Braeburn, Fuji, Galaxy Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Top Red ve Golden Delicious Reinders (kontrol) cesitlerinin verim ve bazi meyve ozellikleri, M9 anaci uzerindeki genc agaclarda, dikimden sonra 4. ve 5. yillarda arastirilmistir. Calisma, 2008 ve 2009 yillarinda Ankara’da yurutulmustur. Cesitlerin ciceklenme periyodu birbiri ile ortusmus ve yillara gore 13-25 Nisan ve 19 Nisan-10 Mayis tarihleri arasinda kaydedilmistir. Agac basina 4. yilda en yuksek verim Golden Delicious Reinders (11.19 kg), Galaxy Gala (10.48 kg), Braeburn (9.08 kg) ve Fuji (8.31 kg) cesitlerinden elde edilmistir. Bu yilda birim govde kesit alanina dusen verim en yuksek (2.19 kg/cm2) Golden Delicious Reinders ve en dusuk (0.37 kg/cm2) Granny Smith cesitlerinde belirlenmistir. Bu degerler 5. yilda 3.32-11.64 kg/agac ve 0.30-1.24 kg/cm2 arasinda kaydedilmis ve cesitler arasindaki farkliliklar istatistiksel anlamda onemli bulunmamistir. Cesit ozelligine uygun olarak, her iki yilda da en yuksek ortalama meyve agirligi 263.8-260.2 g ile Top Red cesidinde belirlenmistir. Ekstra meyve orani 4. yilda tum cesitlerde ve 5. yilda Braeburn (%71.6) disindaki cesitlerde %90’in uzerinde olmustur. Kabuk ust rengi aci degerleri Golden Delicious Reinders ve Granny Smith cesitlerinde 158.48o ve 157.94o (90o = sari, 180o = mavimtrak yesil) olarak olculmustur. Bu degerler Fuji’de 63.01o, Braeburn’de 57.84o, Galaxy Gala’da 47.14o, Top Red’de 11.25o ve Jongold’da 6.55o (0o = kirmizi-pembe, 90o = sari) olarak belirlenmistir. Meyve eti sertligi (MES), suda cozunebilir toplam kuru madde (SCTKM) ve titre edilebilir asitlik (TA) bakimlarindan cesitler arasindaki farkliliklar istatistiksel anlamda onemli bulunmustur. MES degeri, 2008 yilinda 71.5 N (Braeburn)-96.4 N (Granny Smith), 2009 yilinda 65.7 N(Jonagold)-99.6 N (Braeburn) ve SCTKM miktari 2008 yilinda %11.8 (Braeburn)-%13.9 (Top Red), 2009 yilinda %11.6 (Granny Smith)-%16.0 (Galaxy Gala) (2009) arasinda degismistir. TA duzeyleri her iki yilda da Granny Smith cesidinde %1.45 ve %1.86 ile en yuksek olurken 2008’de Galaxy Gala’da (%0.33) ve 2009’da Top Red’de (%0.37) en dusuk bulunmustur. Sonuclar, en dusuk verim degerlerine sahip olan Granny Smith disindaki tum cesitlerin Ankara kosullarinda performanslarinin iyi oldugunu gostermistir.Abstract In this study, yield and some fruit attributes of apple cultivars ‘Braeburn’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Galaxy Gala’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Top Red’ and ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ (control) were investigated in the young trees grafted on M9 rootstock at 4th and 5th years after planting under continental climate conditions characterized with hot and arid summers with low air humidity. The study was carried out in 2008 and 2009 in Ankara. Flowering period of the cultivars overlapped that it was recorded between 13 and 25 April, and 19 April and 10 May in the first and second years, respectively. The highest yield per tree was obtained from ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ (11.19 kg), ‘Galaxy Gala’ (10.48kg), ‘Braeburn’ (9.08kg) and ‘Fuji’ (8.31kg) cultivars at 4th leaf. In this year, yield per trunk cross-section area was the highest in ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ (2.19 kg/cm2) and the lowest in Granny Smith (0.37 kg/cm2). These values were 3.32-11.64 kg/tree and 0.30-1.24 kg/cm2 in 5th leaf, and differences among the cultivars were not statistically significant. In both years, ‘Top Red’ produced the highest fruit weight of 263.8 g and 260.2 g, which was expected based on the cultivar’s descriptions. Quantity of fruits in extra class was over 90% in all cultivars at 4th leaf, and in all cultivars except ‘Braeburn’ (71.6%) in at 5th leaf. Hue angle of skin color was measured between 158.48o and 157.94o (90o = yellow, 180o = bluish-green) for ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars while it was measured 63.01o in ‘Fuji’, 57.84o in ‘Braeburn’, 47.14o in ‘Galaxy Gala’, 11.25o in ‘Top Red’ and 6.55o in ‘Jonagold’ (0o = red-purple, 90o = yellow). Differences among cultivars were statistically significant for fruit firmness (FF), total soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA). FF was changed between 71.5 N (‘Braeburn’) and 96.4 N (‘Granny Smith’) in 2008 and between 65.7 N (‘Jonagold’) and 99.6 N (‘Braeburn’) in 2009. Total SSC was measured between 11.8% (‘Braeburn’) and 13.9% (‘Top Red’) in 2008 and 11.6% (‘Granny Smith’) and 16.0% (‘Galaxy Gala’) in 2009. TA was the lowest in ‘Galaxy Gala’ (0.33%) and in ‘Top Red’ (0.37%) in first and second years, respectively, while ‘Granny Smith’ had the highest TA in both years (1.45%-1.86%, respectively). The data indicated that all of the cultivars performed well in Ankara conditions except ‘Granny Smith’ which had the lowest yield.