Bracket Bonding to All-Ceramic Materials with Universal Adhesives.

Cecilia Goracci,Jovana Juloski,Giuseppe Di Bello,Lorenzo Franchi,Jelena Juloski,Chris Louca,Alessandro Vichi

doi:10.3390/ma15031245

Abstract

The need for bracket bonding to ceramic restorations is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives on bracket adhesion to polished or glazed lithium disilicate (LDS) and monolithic zirconia (MZ) surfaces. One hundred and twenty brackets (N = 10) were bonded to either polished or glazed LDS (e.max CAD B32, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and MZ (In-Ceram® YZ, VITA, Bad Sackingen, Germany) blocks using three different adhesives combined with Transbond™ XT Paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). Tested universal adhesives were Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive (SU, 3M St. Paul, MN, USA) and Assure Plus (AP, Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA). Transbond™ XT Primer (XTP, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) served as a control adhesive. Bracket bond strength was measured in shear mode (SBS). Failure type was determined by the Modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Data were statistically analyzed. On polished LDS, SU yielded bracket SBS significantly superior to those of AP and XTP. On polished MZ, the use of SU and AP significantly enhanced bracket retention as compared with XTP. Low SBS values, below the threshold of clinical acceptability, were reached by all tested adhesives on glazed LDS and MZ specimens. SBS measurements corresponded with failure type observations. Universal adhesives SU and AP could be considered for use on polished LDS and MZ surfaces.

Highlights

With the constantly growing number of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, the chance for the orthodontist to bond brackets to all-ceramic restorations is increasing [1,2]
The Tukey test disclosed that ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive yielded significantly higher bond strengths than the other universal adhesive and the control adhesive (p < 0.05)
Brackets bonded with ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive measured significantly higher bond strengths on polished than on glazed lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDS) surfaces

Summary

Introduction

With the constantly growing number of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, the chance for the orthodontist to bond brackets to all-ceramic restorations is increasing [1,2]. An alternative solution to HF etching, such as the application of one-step self-etching ceramic primer, has recently been advocated to promote the adhesion of resin-based materials to LDS, to simplify the clinical procedure, and to eliminate the potential risks of the intraoral use of such a strong acid [3,14,15,18,19,20,21]. While one study reported that this alternative procedure significantly lowered shear bond strengths compared to the standard [14], Vichi et al showed that self-etching primer (Monobond Etch and Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) had values of immediate bond strength to lithium–silicabased glass ceramics comparable to that of a standard HF etching and silane conditioning protocol [21]

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Discussion

Conclusion