Braces and the Yang–Baxter Equation

Abstract

Several aspects of relations between braces and non-degenerate involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation are discussed and many consequences are derived. In particular, for each positive integer n a finite square-free multipermutation solution of the Yang–Baxter equation with multipermutation level n and an abelian involutive Yang–Baxter group is constructed. This answers a problem of Gateva-Ivanova and Cameron. It is proved that finite non-degenerate involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation whose associated involutive Yang–Baxter group is abelian are multipermutation solutions. Earlier the authors proved this with the additional square-free hypothesis on the solutions. It is also proved that finite square-free non-degenerate involutive set-theoretic solutions associated to a left brace are multipermutation solutions.